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Properties of fats and oils

Article: Properties of fats and oils

Properties of fats and oils:

Fats are solid at room temperature and oils are liquid. This is because they have different melting points due to the type of fatty acids they contain.
In general, the more saturated fatty acids a fat contains, the more solid it will be, and the more unsaturated fatty acids it contains, The more liquid it will be at room temperature.

Effects of heat:

When a fat is heated, it melts to an oil, then heats up until eventually it ignites. Some fats can be heated to higher temperature than others, and so are more suitable for frying.
Fats such as butter and margarine cannot be used for frying at high temperature as they contain other substances such as water and emulsifiers which make them burn easily.

Difference between smoke point and flash point:

When fat is heated, at a certain temperature a thin, bluish haze of smoke is given off which will give food an unpleasant flavor. This is smoke point.
At this temperature the fat molecules start to split up, reducing the keeping qualities of fat. Soon after this, the fat will ignites and burn fiercely. Th temperature at which this occurs is called flash point.

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